![]() Note that the conceptual-logical-physical hierarchy below is used in other kinds of specification, and is different from the three schema approach to software engineering.Ĭonceptual data model This is the highest level ER model in that it contains the least granular detail but establishes the overall scope of what is to be included within the model set. ![]() There is a tradition for ER/data models to be built at two or three levels of abstraction. In a relational database a relationship between entities is implemented by storing the primary key of one entity as a pointer or "foreign key" in the table of another entity. In a simple relational database implementation, each row of a table represents one instance of an entity type, and each field in a table represents an attribute type. Diagrams created to represent attributes as well as entities and relationships may be called entity-attribute-relationship diagrams, rather than entity–relationship models.Īn ER model is typically implemented as a database. It can also be expressed in a verbal form, for example: one building may be divided into zero or more apartments, but one apartment can only be located in one building.Įntities may be characterized not only by relationships, but also by additional properties ( attributes), which include identifiers called "primary keys". It is usually drawn in a graphical form as boxes ( entities) that are connected by lines ( relationships) which express the associations and dependencies between entities. ![]() Typically, it represents records of entities and events monitored and directed by business processes, rather than the processes themselves. 3 Entity–relationships and semantic modelingĪn E–R model is usually the result of systematic analysis to define and describe what data is created and needed by processes in an area of a business. ![]() 2.2 Relationships, roles and cardinalities. ![]()
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